Science and reason- Video art by Pipilotti Rist

Still from 'Ever Is All Over (1997)'

1. Define the 17th century 'Scientific Revolution', and say how it changed European thought and world view.

The Scientific Revolution of the 17th century was where science became a huge part of the way an indiviual percieved the world. The world for the individual was primarly percieved as the church wanted it to be, and there was no room for other opinion. With the rise of the Scientific Revolution finally other views and beliefs were able to be publically shared. This revolutionised the religious system, in the churches view this was obviously for the worse, people could now openly question what the church had lead them to believe and with this the social status of the church fell greatly.

2. Give examples of how we can we still see evidence of the 'Scientific Revolution' in the world today.

We can still see evidence of the Scientific Revolution today in the fact that religion, though a very dominant part of society around the world, is not as promininent as it once was. Because of the Scientific Revolution the religious society was changed for better in some cases, and for always. By teaching science in public schools as a way of explaining how we came to be has become the most common rite of teaching children. Children are not publicly taught to believe in God as they were during the renaissance, obviously this is not the same for private religious schools but for the government funded and led schools it is the case.

Research Pipilotti Rist's video installations to answer the following;

3. From your research, do you think that the contemporary art world values art work
that uses new media/technology over traditional media?

The contemporary art world, in my opinion, does not value video media art works as much as traditional works as video media is seen as far less tangible then something we can physically hold, and something that is of great meaning to art collecters, have and hold and collect. As soon as we move into the video media side of art, it becomes freely accessable. Anyone can go on to a site such as You Tube and get as much as they like out of it, free of charge. This is, of course, art for the ever changing world. As technology gets more and more advanced we all feel far less need to actually own paintings and sculptures, even DVD movies and CD albums. Because it's all right infront of us on a little screen.

4. How has Pipilotti Rist used new media/technology to enhance the audience's experience of her work.

In one of Rist's works that I watched, she used a fairly wellknown song and changed the tone of it to make it sound ridiculous. Featured in the video itself, we see a perhaps middle aged lady (though because it is blurly and out of focus it is hard to tell) quite obviously topless dancing around. Rist has used self ridicule through video media to attract a crowd and connect with them on a higher level. If a photograph is one picture and a 2 minute video 1000 pictures, then there is bound to be far more work to appreciate.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgiSyCr6BY
I'm Not A Girl Who Misses Much (1986) Pipilotti Rist

5. Comment on how the installation, sound and scale of 'Ever is Over All' (1997) could impact on the audience's experience of the work.

By playing something as expressive as this on such a large scene is a great indication as to how the audience would view the work. The sound and scale give note as to how exactly, we as viewers, are supposed to view the work. We can almost take the sense of boldness in a work as instuction to how the work was orginally, in the artists mind, meant to be seen. The factors of the work seen that Rist has used, I think were intended to heighten the audiences view of the work.

6. Comment on the notion of 'reason' within the content of the video. Is the woman's behaviour reasonable or unreasonable?

The 'reason' behind said womans actions are entirely how each individual wishes to interpret. If we are to look at her actions as being for the sake of 'art' then as 'artists' ourselves we are able to appreciate the beauty in the act of her smashing up car windows. However from a different perspective if one were to see this lady in real time walking down the street in real time, if would be grounds for arrest. I think that the point of the work is that because it is film we are torn between knowing if this is actually real/not real, acceptable/unacceptable.

7. Comment on your 'reading' (understanding) of the work by discussion the aesthetic (look), experience and the ideologies (ideas, theories) of the work.

The work for me, has proved to me that contemporary art is not something we are able to pin down and class as anything. It is one of the most contervesial and speculated over things in the world within this day and age. The work Rist has created is indeed beautiful and moving but as all art, when is enough enough? Or is that the point of contemprary art? It seems so.

The History Guide - Scientific Revolution, Main Page (2002) Steven Kreis http://www.historyguide.org/earlymod/lecture10c.html

Ferris, T. (2010) The Science of Liberty: Democracy, Reason, and the Laws of Nature Harper, UK.

Rist, P. (2006) Pipilotti Rist Dumont.

The Social Status of The Artist

Self Portrait In Fur Coat (1500) Albrecht Durer

Knob (1997) Gavin Turk

Damien Hirst and Maria Norman (1995) Anon

1. Identify aspects of Durer's self portrait that show a changing view of the artist's view of himself as
an individual.
During the renaissance period a front on view was reserved for God's only. For mere mortals they were painted on a three point angle and Durer was very daring and narcissistic to paint himself in this way. Another point that makes us as viewers think Durer thought very highly of himself was because he painted fur with himself which was an expensive commodity. Self portraits Durer has done of himself previously were painted in a much less impressive manner which leaves us to believe that as Durer grew as an artist he had an higher and higher view of himself as an individual.

2. Explain how the artist's social status increased during the Renaissance period. Briefly explain why this happened.
During the renaissance period the gradual social increase throughout Italy and Europe was due to the fact that Europe gained a vast amount of wealth during this time because of the trade centres erected and due to the growing social status of the countries the artists benefited also because people were able to afford art work and galleries. This made art a lot more prominent and sort after and therefore the artists were held in higher regard then previously in the renaissance.

3. Comment on Gavin Turk's work in relation to individualism, status of the artist and egotism.

Individualism, according to a website (1986) by Lexicon Ayn Rand , is the idea and movement that each and everyman has the right to be whomever he wants to be and do whatever he wants to do with his life. Gavin Turk has used this idea to turn his work into something we can note as being conceited as the majority of his work solely consists of his name, used in different styles and mediums. This is taking the social status of the artist further because on what Durer used to make himself look better through art Turk is doing in a modern way, by making his artwork just about himself.

Love Turk (2009) Gavin Turk

Untitled (2009) Gavin Turk

By looking at an artists work such as Turk we can relate individualism, social status and egotisim all in one. Egotism is clearly an artist thinking greatly of himself and thinking that the viewers of art would of course want to see works that revolve solely around himself. By purposely putting the subject of his work in a form of self portrait we can gather a large amount of Egotism from the artist.

4. Comment on Damien Hirst's use of his work and the media for self promotion.

Damien Hirst has become known for his use of self portrait for self promotion, aswell as photos taken of him at public places almost becoming self portraits of himself also. He uses public stunts through the media for the promotion of his work, selling himself through the media to create sales and quite importantly, hype for himself. Hirst has become wellknown for doing obscure self portraits of himself to gain attention.

5. Find 2 images of work by artists or designers that reflects some of the ideas of individualism,
self promotion or egotism that have been discussed on this blog. Upload images to your blog, title and date the work, identify the artist/designer and comment on the work in relation to the question.

My Bed (1998) Tracey Emin

Tracey Emin reflects individualism in the sense that this is a personal work reflecting the artist herself to a high degree. Emin has taken her own bed inclusive of the surroundings which include delicate and intimate objects such as women's unmentionables, condoms, empty wine bottles, tissues and placed them exactly how they would be in her own room. Tha artist of the work has been known for her works that refer to the most intimate aspects of her life, and she uses herself as the main subject for most of her work. We can relate Tracey's work to not only individualism but also to egotism and self promotion as she is using her own self to sell herself, individualism comes into it by the artists own right to create works of what she chooses, as it is her freewill, regardless of what her viewers think or how she is judged for it.

I've Got It All (2000) Tracey Emin

Another work in which Emin uses individualism, egotism, and self promotion for the promotion of her work in a manner that works very well for the type of art she produces. The Emin work I have featured here is a self portrait in the form of a photograph. Emin has taken this photo most likely using a tripod and it features her sitting surrounded by money implying the success, fame and riches she has gained from being an artist. We can see from this work that Whiteread is showing off what she has made of herself therefore we can very much relate this to egotisim as she thinks very highly of herself, and with good right too, I suppose.

6. How do you think artists and designers are viewed in Western society today?

Artists and designers are viewed in this day and age by the Western society as people who can transform any idea or thought that could possibly cross their mind in to anything they wanted, anything that is expressed using a creative medium we can call as art. Artists and designers can even just use the simple idea of a work and call it 'conceptual.' I personally think that artists and designers have become absoultely anyone with a creative thought that crosses their mind. Todays Western society has made it so that you don't even need to be talented in the area of art and design as long as you have the money to hire the people needed to create that work for you.

Gavin Turk, Gavin Turk Biography (2007)
http://www.skny.com/artists/gavin-turk/

Individualism, Definition of Indiviualism (2007)
http://aynrandlexicon.com/lexicon/individualism.html

Social and Economic Changes During the Renaissance, Title page (2006)
http://www.all-about-renaissance-faires.com/renaissance_info/economic_social_and_religious_change_in_the_renaissance.htm

Ron Mueck's Sculpture and Humanisim

Mask II (2002) Ron Mueck

A Girl (2006) Ron Mueck

1. Mueck's sculpture is described as 'hyper-real'. Define the meaning of this term and apply it to his work.

Hyperrealism is the term to describe sculpture as well as photography that is quite similar to that of a high resolution photograph. The reason it compares to a high resolution photograph is because the detail is incredibly fine and complete. Ron Mueck uses hyper realism in a way to shock and impress in a rather disgusting way. In 'A Girl' Mueck depicts a newborn child that appears dead and mutated. We see every detail of this gruesome sculpture because of how Mueck has used hyper realism.

2. Mueck is not interested in making life size sculpture. Find out why he is more interested
in working with the scale of the figure which is not life size, and mention 2 works which use
scale that is either larger or smaller than life.

As explained in the question above. Mueck uses hyper realism in sculpture in way to sicken his viewers. When Mueck makes sculpture so large as he does it is just another way inwhich he can disgust his audience. His work has been refered to work without flaw, but this does not mean in anyway is it flawless. Two works in which he uses large or smaller scale include;

Pregnant Woman (2002) Ron Mueck

Two Women (2005) Ron Mueck

3. Define Renaissance Humanism , and analyze the term in order to apply it to an example of Mueck's work. Note that the contemporary definition of Humanism is much broader than the Renaissance definition.

Humanism, which became first popular in the renaissance period, depicts to us how the world was viewed for the 'humanists' at the time. Humanism is the idea that instead of art work such as sculpture and painting be for the church it was more about the people. This was, of course, going against what the church wanted because they thought that all work should be non secular.
We can relate Humanism to Mueck's work because he does not make any references to the Church as focuses solely on the people in his work themselves. Obviously, the art work that is referred to in this day and age as humanistic can be quite more dramatic then what those living in the renaissance were referring to as humanism.

Spooning Couple (2005) Ron Mueck

As we can see in the work pictured above, this piece of work has nothing to do with the church. Nor does it have anything to do with the movements in which Humanism was going against such as Scholasticisim and other such things that were trying to repress the freedom of speech in people. 'Spooning Couple' (2005) not only is it full of laviciousness but is expressing that certain quality of Humanism to a full extent.

4. Research and discuss one of Mueck's sculptures that you might find challenging or exciting to experience in an art gallery. Describe the work, upload an image of the work, and explain your personal response to the work

Mother and Child (2001) Ron Mueck

The above picture is a sculpture done by Ron Mueck in 2001 and depicts a woman with her newly born baby resting on her stomache. The reason I personally find this challenging to see, more so would I in a gallery, is because quite clearly the baby had been born from this woman moments before, as the placenta and umbilical cord are all still intact and connected. This is using something that is perfectly nautral to the course of life and by placing it somewhere like a gallery making it grotesque and pornographic. However whilst saying this seeing this scultpture would be like seeing a car crash or something. Hard to see but impossible to look away from.


Reasons to Visit Ron Mueck Exhibition (2005)
http://www.suite101.com/content/four-reasons-to-visit-a-ron-mueck-exhibition-a333516

Hyper Realism Sculptures by Ron Mueck (2007)
http://www.creativityfuse.com/2010/11/hyperrealist-sculptures-by-ron-mueck/

Ron Mueck Biography (2005)
http://cybermuse.gallery.ca/cybermuse/search/bio_e.jsp?iartistid=25104

Humanism (2004)
http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/humanism.html

Barbara Kruger

'I Shop Therefore I am' (1987) Barbara Kruger

'Face It(Green)' (2007) Barbara Kruger


1. Describe the 'style' that Kruger has used in the two presented works.

Kruger uses a style very similar to that of Andy Warhol. She uses block writing and images to get across a point in which is clear cut and simple. In a word we could call her word very much commercial.

2. What are some of the concepts and messages that Kruger is communicating in them?

Messages that she portrays are extremely bold and daring. Type such as 'Your Body Is A Battleground' is a daring take on Kruger's idea of what abortion is and her view on it, which is a negative one, Kruger is known for her extreme femminist views. Another unconventional work is her famous 'Untitled (Questions)' inwhich she uses the American flag as a base and then places type over the top asking questions such as 'Who is free to choose?' ,'Who laughs last?' ,'Who dies first?'

3. Do these images communicate these ideas effectively? Explain your answer.

They are a contreversial propaganda designed to force an idea on the viewer, because of their bold message. The obviousness of this is very hard to miss, which is why the messages are indeed effective. Reviews of her have been quoted saying 'Kruger's word confronts and questions dominant society.' In other words putting us up to seeing something we have being avoiding. She has greatly influenced the art industry because of the hype around her messages.

4. Define the concept of Mercantillism and explain how these two examples can connect with the concept.

Kruger believes that we live in an materialistic world, as we very much do. The featured images read 'I Shop Therefore I am' and 'Face It' both of these texts are referring to how our worlds are so obsessed with how we look and with owning things that we are forgetting what is important. Kruger is showing her usual style of taking an idea we do not like to face up to, putting it as bluntly as possible and forcing us to think about it. Mercantillism is all to do with the want and need for having and keeping material possessions and, more importantly, money. This images connect with that concept because they are both about the want for those two things.
When Mercantillism was popular during and around the renaissance. It was the idea that a country could benefit from importing goods into their nation and keeping them without exporting their own goods. This plan, obviously,was very much flawed as there was no circulation of the economy. We can relate this to Kruger's work as she sees people buying for their own materialistic gain and this is what relates her work to Mercantillism and Mercantillists had a similar idea of personal gain through materillistic gain.

5. Upload a more recent example of Kruger's work where she has used a new medium, that is not graphic design. Title your image of the chosen work and comment on your response to the work. How do you think the audience would experience this work?

This piece is titled 'Chess Set' and has been designed by Barbara Kruger. This piece is extremely ironic for her because it itself costs US$30,000, and Kruger claims to not be materialistic. The reason for the cost behind the piece is because the chess pieces themselves actually speak. I think that the audience would respond similarly to how I myself have, thinking it is an ironic piece for her to have created.
The talking Chess Set inwhich I have chosen has chess pieces that actually speak to you, apparently, these pieces taunt your apponent into making certain moves trying to throw each of the chess players off their game. The chess set is all had constructed and features 3 intergrated computers. Another one by Kruger with the intend to amaze her audience with art of a ridculous nature.

References.

The Barbara Kruger Biography (2003)
www.barbarakruger.com/biography.shtml

Barbara Kruger - Signs of Postmodernity (1999)
www.wdog.com/rider/writings/real_kruger.htm

Collection On Barbara Kruger (2002)
www.leftmatrix.com/krugerlist.html

i'm going to graceland

WA___WOAH
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i can do things on here too

if i had my way, children wouldn't be children but kittens until they were smart enough to love